Hubungan Rasio Neutrofil-Limfosit (RNL) dengan Derajat Keparahan Pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Martha Friska Medan Tahun 2021
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 is a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is rapidly transmitted in humans. Systemic inflammation will cause changes in leukocytes in the circulation which can lead to neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia. In COVID-19, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be used as a predictor of disease severity in the early stages. An increase in NLR can reflect an increased inflammatory process and can predict severity. This study aims to determine relationship between NLR and the severity of COVID-19 patients at Martha Friska Hospital Medan in 2021.
Methods: The design of this research is observational analytic with cross sectional method. Samples was taken from medical records of COVID-19 patients at Martha Friska Hospital Medan from January-March 2021 with consecutive sampling method and obtained 74 samples. This research was done in November 2021. The analysis of the data processed by the univariate frequency distribution table and the SPSS version 25 program was carried out bivariately using the Chi Square test.
Results: From 74 COVID-19 patients, RNL <3.13 obtained 29 people (93%) with mild severity, 2 people (7%) moderate severity and no patients with severe-critical severity. COVID-19 patients with RNL 3.13 is 6 people (14%) with mild severity, 20 people (46%) with moderate severity, 17 people (40%) with severe-critical severity. This study showed there was a relationship between NLR and the severity of COVID-19 patients (p=0.000).
Conclusion: There is a relationship between NLR and the severity of COVID-19 patients.
Keywords : COVID-19 severity, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : COVID-19 adalah suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) yang bersifat cepat menular sesama manusia. Peradangan yang terjadi secara sistemik dapat menyebabkan perubahan leukosit dalam sirkulasi yang dapat membuat perubahan pada neutrofilia dan limfositopenia. Rasio neutrofil-limfosit (RNL) pada pasien COVID-19 dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor keparahan penyakit pada fase awal infeksi penyakit. RNL yang meningkat dapat diartikan sebagai proses peningkatan inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara RNL dengan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Martha Friska Medan tahun 2021.
Metode : Penelitian ini memiliki desain analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Sampel penelitian diambil dari data rekam medik pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Martha Friska Medan dari Januari-Maret 2021 dengan metode consecutive sampling dan didapatkan 74 sampel. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2021. Analisis data yang diolah dengan tabel distribusi frekuensi secara univariat dan dengan program SPSS versi 25 dilakukan secara bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square.
Hasil : Dari 74 pasien COVID-19, nilai RNL 3,13 didapatkan 29 orang (93%) dengan derajat keparahan ringan, 2 orang (7%) derajat keparahan sedang dan tidak didapatkan pasien dengan derajat keparahan berat-kritis. Pasien COVID-19 dengan RNL 3,13, sebanyak 6 orang (14%) derajat keparahan ringan, 20 orang (46%) dengan derajat keparahan sedang, 17 orang (40%) derajat keparahan berat-kritis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara RNL dengan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 (p=0,000).
Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara RNL dengan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19.
Katakunci : Derajat keparahan COVID-19, rasio neutrofil-limfosit
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