Variasi Bentuk Lengkung Longitudinal Medial Kaki pada Laki-Laki dan Perempuan Dewasa Muda
Keywords:
shape, young adult, males and females, medial longitudinal arch, bentuk, lengkung longitudinal medial, laki laki dan perempuan dewasa muda, arch index
Abstract
The medial longitudinal arch is a part of the plantar foot with clinical significance. Three variations of the medial longitudinal arch consist of normal, low, and high arches. These variations are caused by intrinsic factors such as gender. Failure to form the normal medial longitudinal arch leads to poor posture and balance. Variation in the shapes of the medial longitudinal arch can be assessed using footprints, namely the arch index. This study aims to identify the variations in the medial longitudinal arch between young adult males and females. The research is descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional study design. The subjects are young adults aged 18-22 years. Sampling using the simple random sampling technique with a sample size of 54 participants. The medial longitudinal arch shape was evaluated using the footprint method with the arch index. The majority of participants (72.2%, 39 participants) were female, according to the results. The most age group was 21 years old 23 participants (42.6%). The highest average arch index (0.29) was in the male participants. The most prevalent normal medial longitudinal arch shape was observed in females 28 participants (71.8%). In males, the low arch was most common among 11 participants (73.35%), while the high arch was found in 5 female participants (12.8%). The Mann-Whitney statistical test showed p < 0.05. This study concludes that the medial longitudinal arch forms vary between young adult males and females.
References
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22. Pezzan PAO, Sacco ICN, João SMA. Foot posture and classification of the plantar arch among adolescent wearers and non-wearers of high-heeled shoes. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2009;13(5):398–404.
23. Mickle KJ, Steele JR, Munro BJ. Is the foot structure of preschool children moderated by gender? J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(5):593–6.
2. Nagano K, Okuyama R, Taniguchi N, Yoshida T. Gender difference in factors affecting the medial longitudinal arch height of the foot in healthy young adults. J Phys Ther Sci [Internet]. 2018;30(5):675–9. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940470/
3. Zuil-Escobar JC, Martínez-Cepa CB, Martín-Urrialde JA, Gómez-Conesa A. Medial Longitudinal Arch: Accuracy, Reliability, and Correlation Between Navicular Drop Test and Footprint Parameters. J Manipulative Physiol Ther [Internet]. 2018;41(8):672–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2018.04.001
4. Nilsson MK, Friis R, Michaelsen MS, Jakobsen PA, Nielsen RO. Classification of the height and flexibility of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. J Foot Ankle Res [Internet]. 2012;5(1):3. Available from: http://www.jfootankleres.com/content/5/1/3
5. Kurniati RF, Naufal AF. Hubungan Arcus Pedis Dengan Keseimbangan Statis Pada Anak Usia 9-12 Tahun Di Sdn Gonilan 02. J Innov Res Knowl [Internet]. 2024;3(12):2291–300. Available from: https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/JIRK/article/view/7744
6. Putri AF, Kamilah SN, Lestari DF. Pola lengkung telapak kaki dan ujung jari kaki masyarakat suku Lembak Bengkulu. Filogeni J Mhs Biol [Internet]. 2023;3(2):72–8. Available from: http://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/filogeni%0APola
7. Zifchock RA, Davis I, Ph D, Hillstrom H, Ph D, Song J, et al. The Effect of Gender , Age , and Lateral Dominance on Arch Height and Arch. Foot Ankle Int [Internet]. 2006;27(5):367–72. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16701058/
8. Stavlas P, Grivas TB, Michas C, Vasiliadis E, Polyzois V. The Evolution of Foot Morphology in Children Between 6 and 17 Years of Age : A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Footprints in a Mediterranean Population. J Foot Ankle Surg [Internet]. 2005;44(6):424–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16257670/
9. Pfeiffer M, Kotz R, Ledl T, Hauser G, Sluga M, Pfeiffer M, et al. Prevalence of Flat Foot in Preschool-Aged Children. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2014;118(2):634–9. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4001940/
10. Villarroya MA, Esquivel JM, Bueno G. Assessment of the medial longitudinal arch in children and adolescents with obesity : footprints and radiographic study. uropean J Pediatr [Internet]. 2009;168(5):559–67. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18751725/
11. Urry SR, Wearing SC. A Comparison of Footprint Indexes Calculated from Ink and Electronic Footprints. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc [Internet]. 2001;91(4):203–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11319250/
12. Mccrory JL, Young MJ, Boulton AJM, Cavanagh IR. Arch index as a predictor of arch height. foot [Internet]. 1997;7(2):79–81. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0958259297900523
13. Cavanagh PR, Rodgers M, Virginia W. The Arch Index : A Useful Measure From Footprint. J Biomech [Internet]. 1987;20(5):547–51. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3611129/
14. Hakim LN. Urgensi Revisi Undang-Undang tentang Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia. Aspir J Masal Sos. 2020;11(1):43–55.
15. Puszczałowska-Lizis E, Ciosek J. Foot shape and its relationship with somatic characteristics in pre-school children. Med Stud. 2017;33(3):214–21.
16. Handayani T, Pasaribu SR. Perbedaan Profil Antropometri Kaki Pada Mahasiswa Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara. J Kedokt STM (Sains dan Teknol Med [Internet]. 2022;5(2):119–27. Available from: https://jurnal.fk.uisu.ac.id/index.php/stm/article/view/313/269
17. Saadah H. Hubungan Panjang Telapak Kaki Dengan Tinggi Lengkung Longitudinal Medial Kaki. Med Kartika J Kedokt dan Kesehat [Internet]. 2019;2(2):79–87. Available from: http://medikakartika.unjani.ac.id/medikakartika/index.php/mk/article/view/50/31
18. Adiputra R, Wahyuni OD. Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh ( Imt ) Terhadap Flat Foot Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Tarumanagara. J EBERS PAPYRUS [Internet]. 2022;28(1):58–66. Available from: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=2GvtrAwAAAAJ&citation_for_view=2GvtrAwAAAAJ:KlAtU1dfN6UC
19. Mickle KJ, Steele JR, Munro BJ, Karen J, Steele JR. The Feet of Overweight and Obese Young Children : Are They Flat or Fat ? Obesity [Internet]. 2006;14(11):1949–53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17135610/
20. Abich Y, Mihiret T, Yihunie T, Id A, Id MG. Flatfoot and associated factors among Ethiopian school children aged 11 to 15 years : A school-based study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;(August):1–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238001
21. Jayabandara A, Rodrigo D, Nadeeshan S, Wanniarachchi C, Rajathewa P, Makuloluwa T, et al. Prevalence of Flatfoot and Its Correlation with Age, Gender and BMI among Undergraduates at the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawela Defence University. J Pharm Pharmacol [Internet]. 2021;9:287–91. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354464604_Prevalence_of_Flatfoot_and_Its_Correlation_with_Age_Gender_and_BMI_among_Undergraduates_at_the_Faculty_of_Allied_Health_Sciences_General_Sir_John_Kotelawela_Defence_University
22. Pezzan PAO, Sacco ICN, João SMA. Foot posture and classification of the plantar arch among adolescent wearers and non-wearers of high-heeled shoes. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2009;13(5):398–404.
23. Mickle KJ, Steele JR, Munro BJ. Is the foot structure of preschool children moderated by gender? J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(5):593–6.
Published
2025-08-05
How to Cite
Pasaribu, S., Siregar, N., Pasaribu, R., Sari, S., & Adnani, A. (2025). Variasi Bentuk Lengkung Longitudinal Medial Kaki pada Laki-Laki dan Perempuan Dewasa Muda. Nommensen Journal of Medicine, 11(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36655/njm.v11i1.1855
Section
Articles
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