Pengaruh Entrepreneurial Orientation dan Task Environment terhadap Kinerja UMKM Kota Medan
Keywords:
entrepreneurial orientation, task environment, kinerja UKM
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and task environment on the performance of UKM Kota Medan. The sampling method is purposive sampling with the criteria for owners which SMEs are registered in the Medan City Cooperative and UKM Office in 2019, and have been operating for at least 1 year in Medan City. Data obtained from 100 SME owners as respondents were then analyzed using the Structural Equation Model with the Lisrel computer program. The results show that the task environment has a positive and significant effect on the business performance of Medan City SMEs, while the entrepreneurial orientation does not.
This study reinforces the justification of previous studies that external influences such as positive and significant task environments on internal conditions such as the performance of a business and also justification that there are inconsistencies in the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance. The implication for Medan City SMEs is to anticipate future changes by paying attention to any changes in the environment (task environment), also using entrepreneurial orientation in formulating business strategies so as to improve the performance of a business. Suggestions for further studies are examining the effect of each dimension of entrepreneurial orientation on performance, adding control variables, or mediation, or moderation, or antecedents in examining the relationship between EO and SME performance, or researching in industries that are currently experiencing a lot of environmental changes.
References
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Castrogiovanni, G.J. (1991). Environmental Munificence: A Theoretical Assessment. The Academy of Management Review, 16 (3), 542-565.
Child, J. (1972). Organization Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role of Strategic Choice. Sociology, 6: 1 -22.
David, F.R., & David, F.R. (2019). Manajemen Strategik: Suatu Pendekatan Keunggulan Bersaing. Cetakan Ketiga. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Dess, G.G., & Beard, D.W. (1984). Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29 (1), 52-73.
Frishammar, J. & Hörte, S.A. (2007). The Role of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation for New Product Development Performance in Manufacturing Firms. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 22(3): 251-266.
Gaganis, C., Pasiouras, F., Voulgari, F., (2018). Culture, business environment and SMEs' profitability: Evidence from European Countries, Economic Modelling, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.09.023.
Galbraith, J. (1973). Designing Complex Organizations. In Dess, G.G., & Beard, D.W. (1984). Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29 (1), 52-73.
Gao, Y., Ge, B., Langa, X., Xu, X. (2017). Impacts of proactive orientation and entrepreneurial strategy on entrepreneurial performance: An empirical research. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.11.019
Ghozali. 2016. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete, Cetakan kedelapan, Semarang. UNDIP.
Ginsberg, A. (2011). Measuring Changes inEntrepreneurial Orientation Following Industry Deregulation: The Development of a Diagnostic Instrument. Proceedings of International Council of Small Business.
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Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education International.
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Jonker, J., Pennink, B.J.W., & Wahyuni, S. (2011). Metodologi Studi: Panduan untuk Master dan Ph.D. di Bidang Manajemen. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Jurkovich, R. (1974). A Core Typology of Organizational Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19: 380-394.
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Lee, Y, Zhuang, Y, Joo, M, & Bae, T.J. (2019). Revisiting Covin and Slevin (1989): Replication and extension of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. Journal of Business Venturing Insights 12, e00144
Lumpkin, G.T. and Dess G.G. 1996. Clarifying the Entreprenuerial Orientation and Construct and Linking it to Performance. Academy of Management Review. 21(1): 135-172.
Mason, et al. (2015). Understanding The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Smes’Performance. The Role of The Financing Structure. Procedia Economics and Finance 23, p.1649 – 1661
Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C., & Pfeffer, J. (1974). Organization-environment: Concepts and Issues. Industrial Relations, 13, 244-264.
Mintzberg, H., Raisinghani, D., & Theoret, A. (1976). In Mason, et al. (2015). Understanding The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Smes’Performance. The Role of The Financing Structure. Procedia Economics and Finance 23, p.1649 – 1661
Minuzu, Musran. (2010). Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Eksternal dan Internal Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Mikro Kecil (UMK) di Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan Vol 12, No 1 hal.33-41. http://jurnalmanajemen.petra.ac.id/index.php/man/article/view/17987
Mukamor, & Laksana. (2015). Manajemen Pelayanan Publik, CV, Pusta Setia. Bandung.
Palit, H.C., Kristanti, M., Aysia, D.A.Y. (2015). Pengaruh Orientasi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Depot Kuliner Tradisional Indonesia Di Surabaya. 2nd Annual Conference in Industrial and System Engineering.
Palmer, C., Niemand, T., Stöckmann, C., Kraus, S., & Kailere, N. (2017). The interplay of entrepreneurial orientation and psychological traits in explaining firm performance. Journal of Business Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.005
Pangeran, P. (2013). Orientasi Kewirausahaan Dan Kinerja Keuangan Usaha Mikro Dan Kecil: Peran Mediasi Kapabilitas Keuangan. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, Vol. 7, No. 1, hal.27-36
Riyanto, S. (2018). Analisis Pengaruh Lingkungan Internal, dan Eksternal Terhadap keunggulan dan Kinerja Usaha UKM di Madiun. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis dan Inovasi, Vol.5 No.3, hal. 159-168.
Sitinjak. 2014. Analisis Pengaruh Faktor Eksternal dan Kompatibilitas Image terhadap Keterlibatan Sosial dan Manfaat Bisnis, Tesis,Universitas Indonesia.
Slamet, S.F., & Iskandar, D. (2016). Pengaruh Orientasi Pasar Dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Pada Pemilik UKM Sektor Manufaktur Garmen di Tanah Abang, Jakarta Pusat. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis,Vol.16, No. 1.
Solimun. (2002). Struktural Equation Modeling. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya.
Sugiyono. 2016. Metode Studi, Cetakan ke sembilan belas. Bandung. Alfabeta
Timmons, J.A., & Spinelli, S. (2007). Dalam Slamet, S.F., & Iskandar, D. (2016). Pengaruh Orientasi Pasar Dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Pada Pemilik UKM Sektor Manufaktur Garmen di Tanah Abang, Jakarta Pusat. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis,Vol.16, No. 1.
Trihudiyatmanto, M., & Purwanto, H. (2018). Pengaruh Motivasi, Kompetensi dan Orientasi Berwirausaha Terhadap Kinerja Usaha pada Sentra UMKM Pande Besi di Wonosobo. Journal of Economic, Management, Accounting and Technology (JEMATech), Vol. 1, No. 1, hal. 31-41.
Tung, R.L. (1979). Dimensions of Organizational Environments: An Exploratory Study of Their Impact on Organization Structure. Academy of Management Journal, 22, 672-693.
Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 tentang Usaha Kecil dan Menengah. https://www.ojk.go.id/sustainable-finance/id/peraturan/undang-undang/Pages/Undang-Undang-Republik-Indonesia-Nomor-20-Tahun-2008-Tentang-Usaha-Mikro,-Kecil,-dan-Menengah.aspx, (Diakses Agustus 2019)
Venkatraman, N., & Prescott, J. E. (1990). Dalam Simatupang. (2013). Tinjauan Komplementer Pengaruh Teori Market-Based View (MBV) Dan Resource-Based View (RBV) Terhadap Strategi Dan Kinerja Perusahaan. Binus Business Review Vol. 4 No. 1, hal: 322-330
Wibowo. 2016. Manajemen Kinerja, PT. Rajagrafindo Parsada. Jakarta.
Widoyoko, E.P. (2012). Teknik Penyusunan Instrumen Studi. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar
Wijanto, S.H. (2008). Structural Equation Modeling dengan LISREL 8.8: Konsep dan Tutorial. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Yamin, S., & Kurniawan, H. (2009). SPSS Complete: Teknik Analisis Statistik Terlengkap dengan Software SPSS. Jakarta: Salemba Infotek.
Zammuto, R. F., & Cameron, K. S. 1985. Environmental Decline and Organizational Response. Research In Organizational Behavior, 7: 223-262.
Alimudin, Arasy. 2012. Pengaruh Orientasi Kewirausahaan terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing Berkelanjutan dan Kinerja Usaha Kecil Sektor Perdagangan di Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmiah. 6 (4): 271-280.
Alonso-Dos-Santos, M., & Llanos-Contreras, O. (2019). Family business performance in a post-disaster scenario: The influence of socioemotional wealth importance and entrepreneurial orientation. Journal of Business Research 101: 492–498
Apriliani, R. AJ. E. P., Suparwono & Trihudiyatmanto, M. (2016). Pengaruh Kompetensi Dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kinerja Usaha ( Studi Kasus di Sentra UMKM Pande Besi di Desa Krasak Kecamatan Mojotengah ). ISSN: 1907–426X, Volume 11 No.2.
Castrogiovanni, G.J. (1991). Environmental Munificence: A Theoretical Assessment. The Academy of Management Review, 16 (3), 542-565.
Child, J. (1972). Organization Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role of Strategic Choice. Sociology, 6: 1 -22.
David, F.R., & David, F.R. (2019). Manajemen Strategik: Suatu Pendekatan Keunggulan Bersaing. Cetakan Ketiga. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Dess, G.G., & Beard, D.W. (1984). Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29 (1), 52-73.
Frishammar, J. & Hörte, S.A. (2007). The Role of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation for New Product Development Performance in Manufacturing Firms. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 22(3): 251-266.
Gaganis, C., Pasiouras, F., Voulgari, F., (2018). Culture, business environment and SMEs' profitability: Evidence from European Countries, Economic Modelling, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.09.023.
Galbraith, J. (1973). Designing Complex Organizations. In Dess, G.G., & Beard, D.W. (1984). Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29 (1), 52-73.
Gao, Y., Ge, B., Langa, X., Xu, X. (2017). Impacts of proactive orientation and entrepreneurial strategy on entrepreneurial performance: An empirical research. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.11.019
Ghozali. 2016. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete, Cetakan kedelapan, Semarang. UNDIP.
Ginsberg, A. (2011). Measuring Changes inEntrepreneurial Orientation Following Industry Deregulation: The Development of a Diagnostic Instrument. Proceedings of International Council of Small Business.
Goll, I., & Rasheed, A.A. (2004). The Moderating Effect of Environmental Munificence and Dynamism on the Relationship between Discretionary Social Responsibility and Firm Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 49, (1), 41-54.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education International.
Hirsch, P. (1975). Organizational Effectiveness and the Institutional Environment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 20, 327-344.
Hofer, & Sandberg. (1987). Dalam Hunger, J.D., & Wheelen, T.L. (2016). Manajemen Strategis. Cetakan 16. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.
Hunger, J.D., & Wheelen, T.L. (2016). Manajemen Strategis. Cetakan 16. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.
Irjayanti, M., & Azis, A.M. (2012). Barrier Factors and Potential Solutions for Indonesian SMEs. Procedia Economics and Finance 4 ( 2012 ) 3 – 12
Jati, & Priyambodo. 2015. Kewirausahaan, CV. ANDI OFFSET. Yogyakarta.
Jonker, J., Pennink, B.J.W., & Wahyuni, S. (2011). Metodologi Studi: Panduan untuk Master dan Ph.D. di Bidang Manajemen. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Jurkovich, R. (1974). A Core Typology of Organizational Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19: 380-394.
Knight, G.A. (1997). Cross-Cultural Reliability and Validity of A Scale to Measure Firm Entrepreneurial Orientation. Journal of Business Venturing 12, 213-225.
Lee, Y, Zhuang, Y, Joo, M, & Bae, T.J. (2019). Revisiting Covin and Slevin (1989): Replication and extension of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. Journal of Business Venturing Insights 12, e00144
Lumpkin, G.T. and Dess G.G. 1996. Clarifying the Entreprenuerial Orientation and Construct and Linking it to Performance. Academy of Management Review. 21(1): 135-172.
Mason, et al. (2015). Understanding The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Smes’Performance. The Role of The Financing Structure. Procedia Economics and Finance 23, p.1649 – 1661
Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C., & Pfeffer, J. (1974). Organization-environment: Concepts and Issues. Industrial Relations, 13, 244-264.
Mintzberg, H., Raisinghani, D., & Theoret, A. (1976). In Mason, et al. (2015). Understanding The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Smes’Performance. The Role of The Financing Structure. Procedia Economics and Finance 23, p.1649 – 1661
Minuzu, Musran. (2010). Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Eksternal dan Internal Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Mikro Kecil (UMK) di Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan Vol 12, No 1 hal.33-41. http://jurnalmanajemen.petra.ac.id/index.php/man/article/view/17987
Mukamor, & Laksana. (2015). Manajemen Pelayanan Publik, CV, Pusta Setia. Bandung.
Palit, H.C., Kristanti, M., Aysia, D.A.Y. (2015). Pengaruh Orientasi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Depot Kuliner Tradisional Indonesia Di Surabaya. 2nd Annual Conference in Industrial and System Engineering.
Palmer, C., Niemand, T., Stöckmann, C., Kraus, S., & Kailere, N. (2017). The interplay of entrepreneurial orientation and psychological traits in explaining firm performance. Journal of Business Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.005
Pangeran, P. (2013). Orientasi Kewirausahaan Dan Kinerja Keuangan Usaha Mikro Dan Kecil: Peran Mediasi Kapabilitas Keuangan. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, Vol. 7, No. 1, hal.27-36
Riyanto, S. (2018). Analisis Pengaruh Lingkungan Internal, dan Eksternal Terhadap keunggulan dan Kinerja Usaha UKM di Madiun. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis dan Inovasi, Vol.5 No.3, hal. 159-168.
Sitinjak. 2014. Analisis Pengaruh Faktor Eksternal dan Kompatibilitas Image terhadap Keterlibatan Sosial dan Manfaat Bisnis, Tesis,Universitas Indonesia.
Slamet, S.F., & Iskandar, D. (2016). Pengaruh Orientasi Pasar Dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Pada Pemilik UKM Sektor Manufaktur Garmen di Tanah Abang, Jakarta Pusat. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis,Vol.16, No. 1.
Solimun. (2002). Struktural Equation Modeling. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya.
Sugiyono. 2016. Metode Studi, Cetakan ke sembilan belas. Bandung. Alfabeta
Timmons, J.A., & Spinelli, S. (2007). Dalam Slamet, S.F., & Iskandar, D. (2016). Pengaruh Orientasi Pasar Dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Pada Pemilik UKM Sektor Manufaktur Garmen di Tanah Abang, Jakarta Pusat. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis,Vol.16, No. 1.
Trihudiyatmanto, M., & Purwanto, H. (2018). Pengaruh Motivasi, Kompetensi dan Orientasi Berwirausaha Terhadap Kinerja Usaha pada Sentra UMKM Pande Besi di Wonosobo. Journal of Economic, Management, Accounting and Technology (JEMATech), Vol. 1, No. 1, hal. 31-41.
Tung, R.L. (1979). Dimensions of Organizational Environments: An Exploratory Study of Their Impact on Organization Structure. Academy of Management Journal, 22, 672-693.
Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 tentang Usaha Kecil dan Menengah. https://www.ojk.go.id/sustainable-finance/id/peraturan/undang-undang/Pages/Undang-Undang-Republik-Indonesia-Nomor-20-Tahun-2008-Tentang-Usaha-Mikro,-Kecil,-dan-Menengah.aspx, (Diakses Agustus 2019)
Venkatraman, N., & Prescott, J. E. (1990). Dalam Simatupang. (2013). Tinjauan Komplementer Pengaruh Teori Market-Based View (MBV) Dan Resource-Based View (RBV) Terhadap Strategi Dan Kinerja Perusahaan. Binus Business Review Vol. 4 No. 1, hal: 322-330
Wibowo. 2016. Manajemen Kinerja, PT. Rajagrafindo Parsada. Jakarta.
Widoyoko, E.P. (2012). Teknik Penyusunan Instrumen Studi. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar
Wijanto, S.H. (2008). Structural Equation Modeling dengan LISREL 8.8: Konsep dan Tutorial. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Yamin, S., & Kurniawan, H. (2009). SPSS Complete: Teknik Analisis Statistik Terlengkap dengan Software SPSS. Jakarta: Salemba Infotek.
Zammuto, R. F., & Cameron, K. S. 1985. Environmental Decline and Organizational Response. Research In Organizational Behavior, 7: 223-262.
Published
2020-04-29
Section
Articles
