Pengaruh Suhu Kondensasi Pada Produksi Asap Cair Dari Biomassa Tempurung Kelapa Dengan Proses Pirolisis

  • Janter Simanjuntak Prodi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Hanapi Hasan Prodi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Binsar M.T Pakpahan Prodi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Agus N Putra Prodi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Negeri Medan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36655/sprocket.v4i1.774
Keywords: Biomassa, Asap cair, Pirolisis, kondensasi

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini menguji secara eksperimen alat kondensasi asap hasil pirolisa dari biomassa tempurung kelapa. Proses pirolisia sejatinya adalah proses pembakaran tidak langsung atau proses pemanasan pada suhu tinggi (200 – 450 oC) yang menghasilkan uap panas atau sering disebut dengan uap pirolisis ataupun volatiles. Dengan melalukan pendinginan maka sebagaian uap panas akan berubah menjadi cairan atau sering disebut dengan asap cair, dan yang tidak dapat mencair atau disebut dengan gases yang sifatnya dapat terbakar. Panas untuk proses pirolisa yang digunakan adalah LPG menggunakan burner. Biomassa berupa potongan-potongan tempurung kelapa dengan ukuran rata-rata 5 cm x 5 cm digunakan sebagai bahan baku, dengan terlebih dahulu dikeringkan menggunakan panas matahari hingga mencapai kekeringan standar agar menghasilkan volatiles yang cukup banyak. Volatiles yang berada pada suhu tinggi dengan segera harus mengalami proses pendinginan agar berubah wujud menjadi kondensat pirolisis atau asap cair.

Sistem pendinginan yang digunakan berbentuk koil/spiral dari pipa kuningan dengan diameter 10 mm, 5 gulungan (loop) dan diletakkan vertikal didalam tabung pendingin. Begitu uap panas pirolisa masuk kedalam sistem pendingin, panas laten yang dimiliki uap pirolisis dengan segera diserap oleh air pendingin dan suhunya menurun hingga mendekati suhu saturasinya sehingga proses kondensasi dapat berlangsung. Kondensor tabung-koil spiral vertikal dapat menjadi solusi untuk masalah pendinginan uap panas pirolisis bila direncanakan dengan tepat. Kondensor jenis ini sangat sederhana dan mudah dalam hal perawatan dan perbaikan. Suhu cairan pendingin dengan mudah dapat di control dan dipertahankan dengan menggunakan es-batu. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh suhu terhadap proses kondensasi sangat penting. Suhu pendinginan yang rendah dibandingkan dengan suhu pendinginan konvensional menghasilkan cairan pirolisis yang lebih baik terbukti dari warna cairan yang diperoleh berwarna kekunin-kuningan.

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Published
2022-08-18
How to Cite
Simanjuntak, J., Hasan, H., Pakpahan, B., & Putra, A. (2022). Pengaruh Suhu Kondensasi Pada Produksi Asap Cair Dari Biomassa Tempurung Kelapa Dengan Proses Pirolisis. SPROCKET JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 4(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36655/sprocket.v4i1.774
Issue
Vol 4 No 1 (2022): Edisi Agustus 2022
Section
Articles
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